3. ๊ท€๊ฐ€ ํŠธ์ด๋Š” ์˜์–ด

25.01.03 The Global Fertility Crisis ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์œจ ์œ„๊ธฐ

ํ•˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ 2025. 1. 5. 23:35

Recent statistics indicate that fertility rates have hit historic lows in many developed nations, sparking concerns about the future of population demographics.

์ตœ๊ทผ ํ†ต๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์œจ์ด ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ์ €์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

* statistics : <๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ> ํ†ต๊ณ„

* indicate (that) : โ‹ฏ์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋‹ค

* fertility : (์‚ฌ๋žŒโˆ™๋™์‹๋ฌผ์˜) ์ƒ์‹ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ๋ฒˆ์‹๋ ฅ

* fertility rate : ์ถœ์ƒ๋ฅ 

* hitโ€Š a low : ์ตœ์ €์น˜๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋‹ค

* developed nation : ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ

* spark : <ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌโˆ™๊ด€์‹ฌ ๋“ฑ>์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜๋‹ค, <ํฌ๋งโˆ™๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋“ฑ>์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋‹ค

* demographics : <๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ> ์ธ๊ตฌํ†ต๊ณ„

โ€‹

The declining birthrates, attributed to secularization among other things, have led to an upheaval in population dynamics.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์œจ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ์„ธ์†ํ™” ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์š”์ธ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ์ธ๊ตฌ ์—ญํ•™์— ๊ฒฉ๋ณ€์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

* birthrate : ์ถœ์ƒ๋ฅ 

* attribute something to somebody/something : <์ƒํ™ฉโˆ™๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋“ฑ>์„ โ‹ฏ์—(์„œ) ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋‹ค

* secularization : ์ข…๊ต๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ

* lead to something : <ํŠน์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋“ฑ>์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋‹ค, โ‹ฏ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋‹ค

* upheaval : (์ •์„ธโˆ™์‚ฐ์—… ๋“ฑ์˜) ๋Œ€๋ณ€๋™, ๊ฒฉ๋ณ€, (์ผ์ƒโˆ™์ƒํ™œ ๋“ฑ์˜) ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”

โ€‹

Experts are divided about potential consequences being negative or positive.

โ€‹์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ž ์žฌ์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ผ์ง€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ผ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์—‡๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

* potential : ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ

* consequence : ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ท€๊ฒฐ

โ€‹

The aging population presents substantial challenges for healthcare systems and public finances, as the ratio between working-age individuals and retirees becomes increasingly imbalanced.

์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์ธ๊ตฌ์™€ ์€ํ‡ด์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์ ์  ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์žƒ์–ด ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ณต ์žฌ์ •์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์•ˆ๊ธด๋‹ค.

* aging : ๋‚˜์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š”, ๋…ธ๋ นํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”, ๋…ธํ›„ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”

* substantial : <์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด> ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ, ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์€

* healthcare : ์˜๋ฃŒ (์„œ๋น„์Šค), ๋ณด๊ฑด (์„œ๋น„์Šค)

* ratio : ๋น„์œจ

* retiree : (์ •๋…„) ํ‡ด์ง์ž, ์€ํ‡ด์ž

* imbalanced : ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์žƒ์€, ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•ํ•œ

โ€‹

Immigration has emerged as a temporary solution for many countries to maintain their workforce.

์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—์„œ ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž„์‹œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฏผ์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

* immigration : (์™ธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜) ์ด๋ฏผ, ์ด์ฃผ

* emerge as something : <์Šน์žโˆ™์ง€๋„์ž ๋“ฑ>์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค

* temporary : <๊ฒฐ์ •โˆ™์กฐ์น˜โˆ™๋ฌธ์ œ ๋“ฑ์ด> ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ, <๊ณ ์šฉโˆ™์ผ ๋“ฑ์ด> ์ž„์‹œ์˜, ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜

* workforce : (ํŠน์ • ๊ตญ๊ฐ€โˆ™์ง€์—ญ์˜) ๋…ธ๋™์ธ๊ตฌ, ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ

โ€‹

However, this approach raises complex social and political considerations. โ€‹

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ·์ •์น˜์  ๊ณ ๋ ค ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

* approach : (๋ฌธ์ œ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š”) ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•, ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

* raise : <๊ณตํฌโˆ™์˜ํ˜นโˆ™๋ฌธ์ œ ๋“ฑ>์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋‹ค

* consideration : ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ

โ€‹

The strain on pension systems and healthcare services continues to grow as societies age, prompting discussions about long-term sustainability.

์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ œ๋„์™€ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ๊ณ„์† ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ด‰๋ฐœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

โ€‹* strain : (์‹ฌ์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ) ์ค‘์••๊ฐ, ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค

* pension : ์—ฐ๊ธˆ

* society : ์‚ฌํšŒ

* age : ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ๋จน๋‹ค, ๋Š™์–ด๊ฐ€๋‹ค

* prompt : <๋ฐœ์–ธโˆ™๋…ผ์Ÿ ๋“ฑ>์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋‹ค, ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋‹ค

* sustainability : (ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •โˆ™์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”) ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ

โ€‹

Governmental responses to declining fertility rates have varied, with some nations implementing pro-natalist policies.

์ถœ์‚ฐ์œจ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋Œ€์‘๋“ค์€ ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ถœ์‚ฐ ์žฅ๋ ค ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

* vary : (๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜โˆ™์ƒํ™ฉ ์ค‘์—์„œ) ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๋‹ค, ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค

* implement : <๊ณ„ํšโˆ™์ •์ฑ… ๋“ฑ>์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋‹ค, ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜๋‹ค

* pro-natalist : ์ถœ์‚ฐ ์žฅ๋ ค

โ€‹

While environmental advocates celebrate population decline as beneficial for resource conservation, economists worry about the implications for future economic stability.

ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ž์› ๋ณด์กด์— ์ด๋กญ๋‹ค๋ฉฐ ํ™˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

* advocate : (์ •์น˜โˆ™๋Œ€์˜ ๋“ฑ์˜) ์˜นํ˜ธ์ž, ์ง€์ง€์ž

* beneficial : ์œ ์ตํ•œ, ์ด๋กœ์šด

* resource conservation : ์ž์› ๋ณด์กด

* implication : ์˜ํ–ฅ, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

* stability : (๊ตญ๊ฐ€โˆ™๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋“ฑ์˜) ์•ˆ์ •(์„ฑ)

โ€‹

This complex issue requires careful consideration of both demographic sustainability and ecological preservation.

โ€‹์ด ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌํ•™์  ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ณด์กด์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹ ์ค‘ํžˆ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

โ€‹* careful : <๊ณ„ํšโˆ™์กฐ์‚ฌโˆ™์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋“ฑ์ด> ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•œ, ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•œ

* ecological : ์ƒํƒœํ•™์ ์ธ, ์ƒํƒœ์ƒ์˜

 

์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋”~์ž˜ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ฑ…์„ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•ด์„œ ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ~์”ฌ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ~ํ•˜์„ธ์š”~
์ˆ ์ˆ ์ˆ  ์˜์–ด๋ง~์ž˜~ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ์ฒœ์‚ฌ๋‹˜๐Ÿ˜‡๋“ค ๋•๋ถ„์— ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค~~
๊ต์žฌ ๊ตฌ๋งค์ฒ˜~~~๐Ÿ’›๐Ÿงก๐Ÿ’›~~~

์œ„ ๋งํฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋งค์‹œ ์ฟ ํŒกํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์Šค์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ผ์ •์•ก์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค~~~
์ฒœ์‚ฌ๐Ÿ˜‡๋‹˜๋“ค ๋•๋ถ„์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์ˆ˜์ต ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค~~ 
๋•๋ถ„์— ์ปดํŒจ์…˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋„์šธ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค~๐Ÿ’›๐Ÿงก๐Ÿ’›